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Diseases affecting the brain

What causes brain malfunction?

What causes brain malfunction?

Localized brain dysfunction is caused by disorders that occur in a specific area of the brain, including the following: Brain tumors. Brain abscesses. Disorders that reduce blood flow (and thus the oxygen supply) to a specific area, such as a stroke.

Diseases affecting the brain

There are many diseases that affect the brain and fall into several categories, including:

1. Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury is an example of diseases affecting the brain that can lead to temporary or permanent problems, such as physical or mental disabilities, and sometimes death.

  • Types of traumatic brain injury

There are several types of traumatic brain injury, including:

  1. A concussion that causes a temporary impairment of brain function
  2. Intracranial hematomas, which are caused by bleeding within the brain, and these hematomas range from mild to severe.
  • Symptoms of traumatic brain injury

Various traumatic brain injuries cause many symptoms, such as:

  1. Feeling confused or disoriented.
  2. Dizziness and balance problems.
  3. Double or blurry vision
  4. Headaches.
  5. Memory loss and problems concentrating.
  6. convulsions and seizures;
  • Causes of traumatic brain injury

There are many causes of traumatic brain injury, including:

  1. falling.
  2. Vehicle collision.
  3. Acts of violence and quarrels.
  4. Sports injuries.

2. Brain tumors

Brain tumors are another example of diseases that affect the brain, and they may appear as a benign non-cancerous tumor or a malignant tumor.

There are many types of brain tumors, such as:

  1. Choroid plexus carcinoma.
  2. Gliomas.
  3. pituitary adenomas;
  • brain tumor symptoms

Symptoms depend on the tumor’s location, size, and growth rate. Common symptoms that may accompany brain tumors include:

  1. Headache that is frequent or that increases in intensity.
  2. Feeling sick and vomiting.
  3. Vision problems, such as double or blurry vision.
  4. Change in behavior and personality.
  5. Speech difficulties.
  • Causes of brain tumors

Primary brain tumors may appear due to the presence of mutations in the DNA of some brain cells, which cause them to divide and grow at an abnormal speed while normal cells die.

Secondary tumors appear due to the emergence of cancer in another organ and its spread to reach the brain.

3. Neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the loss of function of nerve cells over time, which eventually leads to their death.

  • Types of neurodegenerative diseases

There are many neurodegenerative diseases, such as:

  1. Parkinson’s disease.
  2. Alzheimer’s disease.
  3. Hnington disease (Huntington’s disease).
  4. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  5. Motor neuron disease.
  • Symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases cause many symptoms, such as:

  1. Problems with balance and coordination of movement.
  2. Difficulty speaking and breathing.
  3. Short-term and long-term memory problems.
  4. Heart function problems.
  • Causes of neurodegenerative diseases

There are many factors that may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as:

  1. Exposure to pesticides.
  2. Metal poisoning, such as: arsenic.
  3. air pollution.

4. Mental health diseases

Mental health diseases are examples of diseases that affect the brain and change the way a person thinks, acts and feels.

  • Types of mental health diseases

Mental health diseases vary, including:

  1. Depression.
  2. Schizophrenia .
  3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  4. Autism .
  5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • Symptoms of mental health illness

Symptoms may not appear in all cases of mental health conditions, and general symptoms include:

  1. A change in personality.
  2. Excessive anxiety.
  3. Change in sleeping or eating pattern.
  4. mood disorders;
  5. Feeling nervous and violent.
  • Causes of mental health diseases

Mental health diseases are caused by problems with the connections between nerve cells in the brain, which leads to a chemical change in the space between the two neurons.

Diseases affecting the brain: diagnostic methods

Diseases affecting the brain are diagnosed through several diagnostic methods, such as:

  1. Radiological images, such as: computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and fMRI.
  2. Cerebrospinal fluid examination to diagnose brain tumors, bleeding, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
  3. Neurological examination that assesses mental state, balance, sensation, reflexes, cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system.

When should you visit a doctor?

You should visit a specialist as soon as some symptoms appear, such as:

  • Feeling of frequent and severe headache.
  • Feeling of weakness in the muscles.
  • feeling confused and dizzy
  • Problems coordinating movement.
  • Feeling of complete or partial paralysis .
  • Change in sensations related to touch, sight, smell and taste.

source : wikipedia

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