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Hypoalbuminemia

What causes Hypoalbuminemia?

What causes Hypoalbuminemia?

Hypoalbuminemia can be caused by various conditions, including nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, heart failure, and malnutrition; however, most cases of hypoalbuminemia are caused by acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Serum albumin level is an important prognostic indicator.

Hypoalbuminemia

 Album is a protein produced by the liver cells, and then it is secreted into the blood and used in building various tissues and maintaining oncotic pressure inside the blood vessels. The normal level of protein in the blood is 3.5-5 g/dL. The half-life of albumin is 15-20 days, and every day only 4% of its amount is broken down in the body.

In the presence of hypoalbuminemia with the proper functioning of the liver, the body treats the lack of albumin in the body by increasing the rate of albumin production in the liver. Albumin deficiency occurs only when the rate of albumin loss exceeds the rate of albumin production in the liver.

If there is a lack of blood albumin (Hypoalbuminemia) pressure reus decline, the official, naturally, attracting fluid into the blood vessels, which leads to fluid out into the interstitial tissue (interstitium) show edema (edema) spread in the body.

Causes and risk factors of hypoalbuminemia

The causes and factors of hypoalbuminemia are as follows :

1. Malnutrition – in severe cases of undernourishment, especially in developing countries, albumin deficiency occurs. In industrialized countries, there is a severe shortage of albumin, in the event of severe and chronic diseases such as untreated inflammatory bowel disease , or cancer. These conditions are treated by eating a diet rich in proteins.

2. Liver failure ( Cirrhosis ) – The liver is the only source of albumin production in the body. As a result of the slow breakdown of albumin in the body, even a slight abnormality in the functioning of the liver does not significantly affect the level of albumin in the blood. A severe deficiency of albumin, i.e. an albumin level of less than 3 g/dL, appears in chronic liver diseases that lead to the death of a large part of the liver tissue, such as cirrhosis. In these cases, general ascites ( anasarca ) does not usually appear , but is limited to the abdomen ( ascites ).

3. syndrome nephrotic ( Nephrotic SYNDROME ): various diseases that negatively affect the kidneys, such as diabetes, lead to an increase in the secretion of urinary albumin to above 3.5 g albumin in 24 hours. Treatment in these cases is the treatment of the disease in addition to the basic treatment of edema using diuretic drugs such as Alfosid ( Fusid ). In very severe cases, treatment is with synthetic albumin intravenously, but this treatment is not effective in the long term, because the synthetic albumin is also excreted in the urine.

4. Protein loss enteropathy : In normal condition, only 10% of GI protein is excreted out of the body, most of which is broken down into amino acids that are reabsorbed in the portal circulation for production new proteins.

Various digestive diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease , reduce the absorption of amino acids in the intestine, and increase their excretion out of the body. Also in this case, edema appears, as a result of a decrease in oncotic pressure, especially in the lower extremities (legs). These cases are treated with a diet rich in proteins, and also by treating the underlying disease if possible.

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