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pituitary gland hormones

What are the hormones secreted by pituitary gland and its function?

What are the hormones secreted by pituitary gland and its function?

growth hormone, which regulates growth, metabolism and body composition. luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, also known as gonadotrophins. They act on the ovaries or testes to stimulate sex hormone production, and egg and sperm maturity. prolactin, which stimulates milk production.

pituitary gland hormones

 The human body consists of many  endocrine glands , one of which is the pituitary gland, which is located below the brain in a bony cavity at the bottom of the skull, its size does not exceed a pea.

And it plays a key role in regulating the vital activities in the body in addition to being a regulator of most of the activities of other hormonal glands, so it was called the master gland.

Sections of the pituitary gland and the hormones it secretes

The pituitary gland is divided into two parts:

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Which produces the following hormones:

Growth hormone

The following are the main functions of growth hormone:

  1. Stimulating growth in childhood, as it stimulates the growth of almost all tissues but mainly targets the growth of muscles and bones).
  2. Help maintain muscle and bone health in adulthood.
  3. Effect on the distribution of fat in the body.
  4. An increase in the proportion of growth hormone in the body leads to diseases, including acromegaly .

thyroid stimulating hormone

This hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones necessary for metabolism, energy balance, growth, and nervous system activities.

An increase or decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone leads to pathological conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

adrenocorticotropic hormone

This hormone stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol (known as the stress hormone) and other hormones.

follicle stimulating hormone

The follicle stimulating hormone works alongside the luteinizing hormone to ensure the functioning of both the ovaries in women (as it contributes to the secretion of estrogen and egg growth) and the testes in men (it is important for sperm production).

Luteinizing hormone

This hormone contributes to the production of estrogen in women and testosterone in men.

prolactin

This hormone stimulates the production of milk in women, and the production of this hormone increases in abundance during pregnancy and lactation, and a high percentage in the body can affect the menstrual cycle and fertility.

endorphins

This hormone has pain-relieving properties, in addition to being linked to the happiness centers in the brain.

enkephalin

It has pain-relieving properties.

Located in the middle area between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, cells in this area produce a hormone called melanocyte -stimulating hormone that stimulates skin cells to produce melanin pigment when exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland secretes two types of hormones from the posterior lobe. These two hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland until they are secreted into the bloodstream.

antidiuretic hormone

It is also called the hormone (vasopressin), which works to maintain the water balance in the body by reducing the proportion of water lost through urine, in addition to regulating the proportion of salts in the blood.

Deficiency of the hormone vasopressin in the body leads to the emergence of a condition called diabetes insipidus , and its symptoms include frequent urination and excessive thirst.

oxytocin

It stimulates uterine contractions during labour, and stimulates the secretion of milk from the breast.

source : wikipedia

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